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9. n Commands

1. Applications: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z 

pal2rgb - convert a palette color
palmtopnm - convert a Palm pixmap into a portable anymap
pamchannel - extract channels from a PAM image
pamcut - cut a rectangle out of a PAM, PBM, PGM, or PPM image
pamdeinterlace - remove ever other row from a PAM/PNM image
pamfile - describe a Netpbm (PAM or PNM) file
pamoil - turn a PAM image into an oil painting
pamstretch-gen - gen - use pamstretch and pnmscale to scale by non-integer values
pamstretch - scale up a PNM or PAM image by interpolating between pixels.
pamtopnm - convert PAM image to PBM, PGM, or PPM
passwd
paste - merge lines of files
patch - apply a diff file to an original
pathchk - check whether file names are valid or portable
pbm2ppa - convert portable bitmap (PBM) to HP's Printing Performance Architecture (PPA) file format
pbmclean - flip isolated pixels in portable bitmap
pbmlife - apply Conway's rules of Life to a portable bitmap
pbmmake - create a blank bitmap of a specified size
pbmmask - create a mask bitmap from a regular bitmap
pbmpage - create a one page test pattern for printing
pbmpscale - enlarge a portable bitmap with edge smoothing
pbmreduce - read a portable bitmap and reduce it N times
pbmtext - render text into a bitmap
pbmto10x - convert a portable bitmap into Gemini 10X printer graphics
pbmto4425 - Display PBM images on an AT&T 4425 terminal
pbmtoascii - convert a portable bitmap into ASCII graphics
pbmtoatk - convert portable bitmap to Andrew Toolkit raster object
pbmtobbnbg - convert a portable bitmap into BitGraph graphics
pbmtocmuwm - convert a portable bitmap into a CMU window manager bitmap
pbmtoepsi - convert a portable bitmap into an encapsulated PostScript
pbmtoepson - convert a portable bitmap into Epson printer graphics
pbmtog3 - convert a portable bitmap into a Group 3 fax file
pbmtogem - convert a portable bitmap into a GEM .img file
pbmtogo - convert a portable bitmap into compressed GraphOn graphics
pbmtoicon - convert a portable bitmap into a Sun icon
pbmtolj - convert a PBM image to HP LaserJet format
pbmtoln03 - convert protable bitmap to DEC LN03+ Sixel output
pbmtolps - convert portable bitmap to PostScript
pbmtomacp - convert a portable bitmap into a MacPaint file
pbmtomda - convert a portable bitmap to a Microdesign .mda
pbmtomgr - convert a portable bitmap into a MGR bitmap
pbmtonokia - convert a portable bitmap to Nokia Smart Messaging Formats
pbmtopgm - convert PBM image to PGM by averaging areas
pbmtopi3 - convert a portable bitmap into an Atari Degas .pi3 file
pbmtopk - convert a portable bitmap into a packed (PK) format font
pbmtoplot - convert a portable bitmap into a Unix plot(5) file
pbmtoppa - convert PBM image to HP Printer Performance Architecture (PPA)
pbmtopsg3 - convert PBM images to Postscript with G3 fax compression
pbmtoptx - convert a portable bitmap into Printronix printer graphics
pbmtowbmp - convert a portable bitmap (pbm) to a wireless bitmap (wbmp) file
pbmtox10bm - convert a portable bitmap into an X10 bitmap
pbmtoxbm - convert a portable bitmap into an X11 bitmap
pbmtoybm - convert a portable bitmap into a Bennet Yee "face" file
pbmtozinc - convert a portable bitmap into a Zinc bitmap
pbmupc - create a Universal Product Code bitmap
pcdindex - create index image for a photo CD
pcl3opts - -- determine options for the ghostscript driver pcl3 from a PCL-3+ file
pcregrep - a grep with Perl-compatible regular expressions.
pcretest - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions.
pcxtoppm - convert a PCX file into a portable pixmap
pdf2dsc - generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document
pdf2ps - Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator
pdffonts - Portable Document Format (PDF) font analyzer (version
pdfimages - Portable Document Format (PDF) image extractor
pdfinfo - Portable Document Format (PDF) document information
pdfopt - Ghostscript PDF Optimizer
pdftopbm - Portable Document Format (PDF) to Portable Bitmap (PBM)
pdftops - Portable Document Format (PDF) to PostScript converter
pdftotext - Portable Document Format (PDF) to text converter
pdiff - produce a pretty comparison between files
perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
perlaix
perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
perlapollo
perlbeos
perlbook - Perl book information
perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
perlbs2000
perlbug - how to submit bug reports on Perl
perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
perlcc - generate executables from Perl programs
perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
perlcn - ¼òÌåÖÐÎÄ Perl Ö¸ÄÏ
perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
perlcygwin
perldata - Perl data types
perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
perldebug - Perl debugging
perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
perlepoc
perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/11/13 06:23:50 $)
perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2002/08/29 03:34:00 $)
perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2002/11/16 23:33:08 $)
perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.29 $, $Date: 2002/11/13 06:23:50 $)
perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2002/11/13 06:04:00 $)
perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 2002/09/21 21:04:17 $)
perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/10/30 18:44:21 $)
perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date: 2002/11/10 17:35:47 $)
perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 2002/11/10 17:35:47 $)
perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.13 $, $Date: 2002/11/13 06:07:58 $)
perlfilter - Source Filters
perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
perlform - Perl formats
perlfreebsd
perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
perlhist - the Perl history records
perlhpux
perlhurd
perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal
perlintro - - a brief introduction and overview of Perl
perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
perlirix
perlivp - Perl Installation Verification Procedure
perljp - ÆüËܸì Perl ¥¬¥¤¥É
perlko - Perl°ú Çѱ¹¾î ÀÎÄÚµù
perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)
perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
perlmachten
perlmacos
perlmint
perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
perlmpeix
perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
perlobj - Perl objects
perlop - Perl operators and precedence
perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
perlos390
perlos400
perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
perlpacktut - tutorial on "pack" and "unpack"
perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes
perlport - Writing portable Perl
perlqnx
perlre - Perl regular expressions
perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
perlsec - Perl security
perlsolaris
perlstyle - Perl style guide
perlsub - Perl subroutines
perlsyn - Perl syntax
perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
perltru64
perltw - ¥¿Å餤¤å Perl «ü«n
perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
perluts - Perl under UTS
perlvar - Perl predefined variables
perlvmesa
perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
perlvos
perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
perlxs - XS language reference manual
perlxstut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
pf2afm - Make an AFM file from Postscript (PFB/PFA/PFM) font files using ghostscript
pfbtopfa - Convert Postscript .pfb fonts to .pfa format using ghostscript
pfbtops - translate a PostScript font in .pfb format to ASCII
pftp
pgmbentley - Bentleyize a portable graymap
pgmcrater - create cratered terrain by fractal forgery
pgmedge - edge-detect a portable graymap
pgmenhance - edge-enhance a portable graymap
pgmhist - print a histogram of the values in a portable graymap
pgmkernel - generate a convolution kernel
pgmnoise - create a graymap made up of white noise
pgmnorm - normalize the contrast in a portable graymap
pgmramp - generate a grayscale ramp
pgmslice - extract one line of pixel values out of a portable graymap
pgmtexture - calculate textural features on a portable graymap
pgmtofs - convert portable graymap to Usenix FaceSaver(tm) format
pgmtolispm - convert a portable graymap into Lisp Machine format
pgmtopbm - convert a portable graymap into a portable bitmap
pgmtoppm - colorize a PGM (grayscale) image into a PGM (color) image
pgrep
pi-getram - getram
pi-getrom - getrom
pi1toppm - convert an Atari Degas .pi1 into a portable pixmap
pi3topbm - convert an Atari Degas .pi3 file into a portable bitmap
pia - play media files
pic - compile pictures for troff or TeX
pic2graph - convert a PIC diagram into a cropped image
piconv - - iconv(1), reinvented in perl
picttoppm - convert a Macintosh PICT file into a portable pixmap
pilot-addresses - addresses
pilot-xfer - xfer - backup, sync, and restore databases from a Palm handheld
pinfo
pinky - lightweight finger
pjtoppm - convert an HP PaintJet file to a portable pixmap
pkill
pktopbm - convert packed (PK) format font into portable bitmap(s)
pl2pm - Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules.
play - play any sound file to audio device
pman
pngtopnm - convert a Portable Network Graphics file into a portable anymap
pnm2ppa - convert portable anymap (PNM) images to HP's PPA printer format.
pnmalias - antialias a portable anyumap.
pnmarith - perform arithmetic on two portable anymaps
pnmcat - concatenate portable anymaps
pnmcolormap - create quantization color map for a Netpbm image
pnmcomp - composite (overlay) two portable anymap files together
pnmconvol - general MxN convolution on a portable anymap
pnmcrop - crop a portable anymap
pnmcut - cut a rectangle out of a PBM, PGM, or PPM image
pnmdepth - change the maxval in a portable anymap
pnmenlarge - read a portable anymap and enlarge it N times
pnmfile - describe a portable anymap
pnmflip - perform one or more flip operations on a portable anymap
pnmgamma - perform gamma correction on a PNM image
pnmhisteq - histogram equalise a portable anymap
pnmhistmap - draw a histogram for a PGM or PPM file
pnmindex - build a visual index of a bunch of anymaps
pnminvert - invert a portable anymap
pnmmargin - add a border to a portable anymap
pnmmontage - create a montage of portable anymaps
pnmnlfilt - non-linear filters: smooth, alpha trim mean, optimal
pnmpad - add borders to portable anymap
pnmpaste - paste a rectangle into a portable anymap
pnmpsnr - compute the difference between two images (the PSNR)
pnmquant - quantize the colors in a Netpbm image to a smaller set
pnmremap - replace colors in a PPM image with colors from another set
pnmrotate - rotate a portable anymap by some angle
pnmscale - scale a PNM image
pnmscalefixed - scale a PNM file quickly
pnmshear - shear a portable anymap by some angle
pnmsmooth - smooth out an image
pnmsplit - split a multi-image PNM file into multiple single-image files
pnmtile - replicate a portable anymap into a specified size
pnmtofiasco - Convert PNM file to FIASCO compressed file
pnmtofits - convert a portable anymap into FITS format
pnmtojpeg - convert PNM image to a JFIF ("JPEG") image
pnmtopalm - convert a portable anymap into a Palm pixmap
pnmtoplainpnm - convert portable any map to plain (ASCII) anymap format
pnmtopng - convert a portable anymap into a Portable Network Graphics file
pnmtops - convert portable anymap to PostScript
pnmtorast - convert a portable pixmap into a Sun rasterfile
pnmtorle - convert a Netpbm image file into an RLE image file.
pnmtosgi - convert a portable anymap to a SGI image file
pnmtosir - convert a portable anymap into a Solitaire format
pnmtotiff - convert a PNM image to a TIFF file
pnmtotiffcmyk - convert a a portable anymap into a CMYK encoded TIFF file
pnmtoxwd - convert a portable anymap into an X11 window dump
pod2html - convert .pod files to .html files
pod2latex - convert pod documentation to latex format
pod2man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
pod2text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
pod2usage - print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files
podchecker - check the syntax of POD format documentation files
podselect - print selected sections of pod documentation on standard output
popd POST - request, GET, HEAD, POST - Simple WWW user agent
ppm2tiff - create a
ppm3d - convert two portable pixmap into a red/blue 3d glasses pixmap
ppmbrighten - change an images Saturation and Value from an HSV map
ppmchange - change all pixels of one color to another in a portable pixmap
ppmcie - draw a CIE color chart as a PPM image
ppmcolormask - produce mask of areas of a certain color in a PPM file
ppmcolors - generate a color map of all colors of a certain maxval
ppmdim - dim a portable pixmap down to total blackness
ppmdist - simplistic grayscale assignment for machine generated, color images
ppmdither - ordered dither for color images
ppmfade - generate a transition between two image files using special effects.
ppmflash - brighten a picture up to complete white-out
ppmforge - fractal forgeries of clouds, planets, and starry skies
ppmhist - print a histogram of a PPM image
ppmlabel - add text to a portable pixmap
ppmmake - create a pixmap of a specified size and color
ppmmix - blend together two portable pixmaps
ppmnorm - normalize the contrast in a portable pixmap
ppmntsc - Make RGB colors legal for NTSC or PAL color systems.
ppmpat - make a pretty pixmap
ppmquant - quantize the colors in a portable pixmap down to a specified number
ppmquantall - run ppmquant on a bunch of files all at once, so they share a common colormap
ppmqvga - 8 plane quantization
ppmrainbow - Generate a rainbow
ppmrelief - run a Laplacian relief filter on a portable pixmap
ppmshadow - add simulated shadows to a portable pixmap image
ppmshift - shift lines of a portable pixmap left or right by a random amount
ppmspread - displace a portable pixmap's pixels by a random amount
ppmtoacad - convert portable pixmap to AutoCAD database or slide
ppmtobmp - convert a portable pixmap into a BMP file
ppmtoeyuv - convert a portable pixmap into a Berkeley YUV file
ppmtogif - convert a portable pixmap into a GIF file
ppmtoicr - convert a portable pixmap into NCSA ICR format
ppmtoilbm - convert a portable pixmap into an ILBM file
ppmtoleaf - convert PPM image to Interleaf image format
ppmtolj - convert a portable pixmap to an HP LaserJet PCL 5 Color file
ppmtomap - extract all colors from a portable pixmap
ppmtomitsu - convert a portable pixmap to a Mitsubishi S340-10 file
ppmtompeg - encodes MPEG-1 bitstreams
ppmtoneo - convert a portable pixmap into an Atari Neochrome .neo file
ppmtopcx - convert a portable pixmap into a PCX file
ppmtopgm - convert a portable pixmap into a portable graymap
ppmtopi1 - convert a portable pixmap into an Atari Degas .pi1 file
ppmtopict - convert a portable pixmap into a Macintosh PICT file
ppmtopj - convert a portable pixmap to an HP PaintJet file
ppmtopjxl - convert a portable pixmap into an HP PaintJet XL PCL file
ppmtopuzz - convert a portable pixmap into an X11 "puzzle" file
ppmtorgb3 - separate a portable pixmap into three portable graymaps
ppmtosixel - convert a portable pixmap into DEC sixel format
ppmtotga - convert portable pixmap into a TrueVision Targa file
ppmtouil - convert a portable pixmap into a Motif UIL icon file
ppmtowinicon - convert 1 or more portable pixmaps into a Windows .ico
ppmtoxpm - convert a PPM iamge into an X11 pixmap
ppmtoyuv - convert a portable pixmap into an Abekas YUV file
ppmtoyuvsplit - convert a portable pixmap into 3 subsampled raw YUV files
ppmtv - make a portable pixmap look like taken from an American TV
pr - convert text files for printing
printafm - Print the metrics from a Postscript font in AFM format using ghostscript
printenv - print all or part of environment
printf - format and print data
procmail - autonomous mail processor
propwatch - a tool to monitor X11 properties
ps - report process status
ps2ascii - Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII
ps2epsi - generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript
ps2pdf - Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
ps2pdf12 - Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
ps2pdf13 - Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
ps2pdfwr - Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying CompatibilityLevel, using ghostscript
ps2ps
psbook - rearrange pages in PostScript file into signatures
psed - a stream editor
psfaddtable - add a Unicode character table to a console font
psfgettable - extract the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
psfstriptable - remove the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
psfxtable - handle Unicode character tables for console fonts
psidtopgm - convert PostScript "image" data into a portable graymap
psmandup - print duplex on non duplex printers
psmerge - filter to merge several PostScript files into one
psnup - multiple pages per sheet
psresize - multiple pages per sheet
psselect - select pages from a PostScript file
psset - insert page device request in PostScript files
pstopnm - convert a PostScript file into a portable anymap
pstops - shuffle pages in a PostScript file
pstree - display a tree of processes
pstruct
ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
pushd
pwd - print name of current/working directory
python - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language

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