6.3.6. The printf program
For more precise control over the output format than what is normally provided by print , use printf . The printf command can be used to specify the field width to use for each item, as well as various formatting choices for numbers (such as what output base to use, whether to print an exponent, whether to print a sign, and how many digits to print after the decimal point). This is done by supplying a string, called the format string , that controls how and where to print the other arguments.
The syntax is the same as for the C-language printf statement; see your C introduction guide. The gawk info pages contain full explanations.
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