7.7 Writing CD-R/Ws: cdrecord and cdparanoia
Disclaimer: Copying copyrighted material is illegal. Do NOT use the instructions below for anything illegal.
7.7.1 Introduction to writing CD-R/Ws
7.7.2 Setup of your CD-R/W drive (perhaps not
required)
7.7.3 Creating data CDs
7.7.4 Creating audio CDs
7.7.5 Creating mixed-mode CDs
7.7.6 Making a copy of the entire CD
7.7.7 Re-writable CDs
7.7.8 Simplifying long commands with aliases
7.7.1 Introduction to writing CD-R/Ws
Writing CDs used to be tricky, but these days I simply use (as root, in X terminal):
xcdroast &
If it works for you as it works for me, you don't need to read any further.
Perhaps still useful if xcdroast does not work on your system, here are the steps I once followed to write CDs using command-line tools. Please note that xcdroast is just a graphical front-end to the command line tools described below, so it will not work if the commands do not work. My only complaint s were that my low-cost, no-name "12x 8x 32x" CD-RW writes at top speed of 12x (for CD-R) but reads only at the speed of 2x (instead of 8x forCD-RW), and rips audio at 1x, no matter what I do.
7.7.2 Setup of your CD-R/W drive (perhaps not required)
o All setup has to be done as root. Newer distributions (e.g. RedHat 8.0) may require no setup at all.
o Check your boot files if they pass a parameter to the kernel with the information that you have the ide-scsi drive: "hdb=ide-scsi". If required, add to the file
/etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/grub.conf (depending which boot loader your system uses):
the option "hdb-ide-scsi" so that the line looks like this:
append="hdb=ide-scsi" #(for /etc/lilo.conf, at the end of the Linux "image" section)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.7-10 ro root=/dev/hda6 hdb=ide-scsi #(for /boot/grub/grub.conf)
Adjust the line above if your CD writer is not "hdb" (second drive on the first IDE interface). It makes your IDE-ATAPI CD-W(R) to be seen on your Linux system as a SCSI device. (It is not really a SCSI device, it is an IDE device, it just pretends to be SCSI.) Run lilo after making any changes to /etc/lilo.conf . Grub does not need re-running.
Add the loop devices to the /dev/ directory if it is not present. This is not a obligatory, but a nice feature if you plan creating your own data CDs. The loop device will let you mount a CD image file (as if it was a already a filesystem) to inspect its content. The loop devices don't exist on my hard drive after Linux RedHat installation, so I create them using:
cd /dev/
./MAKEDEV loop
Make sure that appropriate modules are loaded to the kernel using:
lsmod
If required, add these two lines at the end of the file /etc/rc.d/rc.local so that the needed kernel modules are automatically loaded on system startup:
/sbin/insmod ide-scsi
/sbin/insmod loop
These two kernel modules are needed for SCSI emulation of IDE drives and to support the loop devices, respectively.
Check, create or modify the device /dev/cdrom so it now points to the correct device , most likely:
ls -l /dev/cdrom
ln -s /dev/scd0 /dev/cdrom #(if required)
You may need to do this because "/dev/cdrom" pointed to an IDE device (probably /dev/hdb) but now this changes since your CD-R is going to be in SCSI emulation mode.
There is also /dev/cdwriter that you may want to point to /dev/cdrom although it is not necessary on a single CD drive system:
ln -s /dev/cdwriter /dev/cdrom
Reboot so that the changes to /etc/lilo.conf take effect. Check if your CD-R(W) still works properly for normal reading.
Check if the program cdrecord is installed,
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